Its also worth noting that a new key pair can be generated not only for each sender and receiver, but also for each and every individual message. Those keys were created and reside only on the sender’s and the receiver’s end point devices - hence “end-to-end” encryption. The company, organisation or individual computer providing the messaging service can never decrypt the message because they don’t have the required keys. End-to-end means that only the parties sending and receiving the message can ever know the contents.
#Tox vs cryptocat movie#
It is these uncrackable public key cryptosystems that now allow online banking and commerce, secure data storage, movie streaming, international diplomacy, and of course, secure chat apps with “end-to-end” encryption. Or you can find more basic or more thorough explanations in hundreds of books, all over the web and in all sorts of videos on RSA has a few more steps than that, but its all in their 1978 article that can be downloaded from the Rivest’s MIT web page. Want access to my bank account, just work out the values of these two prime numbers. determine the 2 original prime numbers if you’re given only the key. But it is practically impossible to do the reverse operation - i.e. It is trivial for my phone to multiply 2 large prime numbers to make a 4096 bit public key.
Two years later Rivest, Shamir and Adleman (RSA) described a method that relied on the prime factorisation problem. Diffie and Hellman’s 1976 advance relies on the discrete logarithm problem. Two breakthrough’s in the 70’s that gave us interplanetary strength protection, utilise several long known ideas about mathematical problems that are really, really hard to solve - driving-a-bulldozer-to-Mars hard. Even a really big earth-bound bulldozer isn’t going to help the bad guys break in. Maybe it is like building your house kilometres underground, … on Mars. But that doesn’t really describe the scale of challenge in cracking todays cryptosystems. Modern end-to-end encryption is said to be “strong”.
With the brute strength of today computers, Enigma would be about as much use as a stronger door for this poor Denver family. In the 1930s, the Enigma machine was like bricking up the doors and windows, it kept baddies out until they found some bigger more sophisticated tools. Slightly annoying, but no barrier to a hungry 10 year old keen for peanut butter sandwich. If encryption is a door to your house then the Caesar cypher you played with at school is like stacking a few sticks in front of the door. But they are supremely elegant and easily described in terms any undergraduate maths student can get their head around. These methods are complicated and require serious mathematical expertise to design and really understand their subtleties. In the 1970’s there were two groundbreaking advances (Diffie Hellman key exchange and RSA public key algorithm) that enabled much of what we think of today as modern technology, commerce and lifestyle.
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Most famously Alan Turing led a team at Bletchley park that eventually cracked the German’s Enigma machine and possibly avoided years of further death and destruction in World War 2.
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About a thousand years ago cryptography (the study of techniques for sending secret messages) progressed beyond what most people could easily conceptualise in their mind.īy the early 20th century various sophisticated electro-mechanical devices had take cryptography far beyond the comprehension of all but elite dedicated mathematicians and professional cryptographers. It’s quite possible that your 10 year old self used this “Caesar cipher” to scramble or encrypt messages to your friends. Roman Emperor Julius Caesar used an alphabet shifting trick to send secret messages to his troops.
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